%0 Journal Article
%@holdercode {isadg {BR SPINPE} ibi 8JMKD3MGPCW/3DT298S}
%@nexthigherunit 8JMKD3MGPCW/3EUPEJL
%@archivingpolicy denypublisher denyfinaldraft
%@resumeid
%@resumeid
%@resumeid
%@resumeid 8JMKD3MGP5W/3C9JHP2
%@usergroup administrator
%@usergroup fabia
%3 Satyarmuty_An early freeze.pdf
%@dissemination WEBSCI; PORTALCAPES; MGA.
%@secondarykey INPE-9243-PRE/4915
%@issn 1350-4827
%A Prakki, Satyamurty,
%A Fonseca, J. F. B.,
%A Bottino, Marcus Jorge,
%A Seluchi, Marcelo Enrique,
%A Lourenço, M. C. M.,
%A Gonçalves, L. G. G. de,
%T An early freeze in southern Brazil in April 1999 and its NWP guidance
%B Meteorological Applications
%8 Mar.
%D 2002
%V 9
%N 1
%P 113-128
%2 sid.inpe.br/iris@1915/2005/05.20.13.37.50
%4 sid.inpe.br/iris@1915/2005/05.20.13.37
%K estudo do tempo e do clima, Mato Grosso (MT)ChileSouth AmericaAndesArgentinaPacific, Cold air invasions, Cold surges, Cold wave forecasting.
%X A cold air outbreak occurred in the third week of April 1999 in southern Brazil. A synoptic study of this rare event is undertaken. A surface high pressure cell in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Chile slowly built up and moved eastward on 14 April. It started crossing the Andes, acquiring the characteristic shape of a bean on 15th, and separated into two cells later in the day. The cell on the lee side of the mountains moved gradually northwards over central South America affecting northern Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia and southern Brazil. The temperature fell 15 degreesC in the state of Mato Grosso (about 15degreesS). In southern Brazil temperatures below freezing were registered in some places on the 17th and 18th and frost occurred in many states. There was snowfall in the uplands of Santa Catarina on the 17th, and such an early snow had not been recorded for 30 years. Baroclinic synoptic wave intensification followed by surface low development in association with a cut-off low formation in the middle and upper troposphere were responsible for strong surface southerlies over Argentina on the 16th and 17th. Cold air advection by the southerlies in the eastern sector of the high-pressure centre was responsible for the northward projection of the high pressure cell east of the Andes. The whole event was well predicted by the Centro de Previsao de Tempo a Estudos Climaticos/Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (CPTEC/INPE)operational global and regional models with lead times of 120 and 60 hours respectively.
%@language English
%@copyholder SID/SCD
%@e-mailaddress atus@cptec.inpe.br
%@secondarytype PRE PI
%@secondarydate 20020612
%@area MET
%@group CPT-INPE-MCT-BR
%@affiliation CPTEC-INPE-Cachoeira Paulista-12630-000-SP-Brasil