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@MastersThesis{Moura:2001:EsRaSo,
               author = "Moura, Rildo Gon{\c{c}}alves de",
                title = "Estudo das radia{\c{c}}{\~o}es solar e terrestre acima e dentro 
                         de uma floresta tropical {\'u}mida",
               school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
                 year = "2001",
              address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
                month = "2001-10-01",
             keywords = "radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o solar, radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o terrestre, 
                         floresta tropical, micrometeorologia, reserva biol{\'o}gica de 
                         Jaru, solar radiation, terrestrial radiation, rain forests, 
                         micrometeorology, Jaru biological reservation.",
             abstract = "Em um experimento micrometeorol{\'o}gico realizado durante a 
                         campanha WETAMC/LBA (de 26/01 a 10/03/1999) realizaram-se medidas 
                         de radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o solar e terrestre em ambiente de floresta 
                         tropical de terra firme na Reserva Biol{\'o}gica do Jaru- RO 
                         (10º05' S; 61º56' W). Coletaram-se dados de fluxo incidente e 
                         refletido de radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o de solar global usando 
                         piran{\^o}metros, incidente e refletido, de radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o 
                         fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA) usando sensores quantum, e do 
                         balan{\c{c}}o de radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o usando-se 
                         saldo-radi{\^o}metros, tanto no topo da torre 
                         micrometeorol{\'o}gica como em 5 n{\'{\i}}veis (35, 30, 25, 15 
                         e 2,5 metros) no interior da floresta. Os mesmos fluxos foram 
                         obtidos utilizando-se um conjunto composto de doze 
                         piran{\^o}metros, doze piran{\^o}metros (sensores quantum) e 
                         oito saldo-radi{\^o}metros distribu{\'{\i}}dos ao redor da base 
                         da torre. Coletaram-se tamb{\'e}m, as quatro componentes do 
                         balan{\c{c}}o de radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o utilizando-se um 
                         saldo-radi{\^o}metro (independente), apenas no topo da torre 
                         micrometeorol{\'o}gica. Adicionalmente foram coletadas 
                         informa{\c{c}}{\~o}es que dizem respeito ao {\'{\i}}ndice de 
                         {\'a}rea foliar (IAF), utilizando-se um imageador digital de 
                         dossel, marca/modelo CID-110 equipado com lente do tipo olho de 
                         peixe de 8mm. Aproximadamente 50% da radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o 
                         m{\'e}dia di{\'a}ria extra-terrestre foi observada no topo da 
                         floresta, sendo esta composta de 46% de RFA e 54% de 
                         radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o na faixa do infra-vermelho pr{\'o}ximo 
                         (IVP). Os valores dos coeficientes de refletividade foram 13,7%, 
                         3,6% e 22,0%, respectivamente, para radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o solar 
                         (R\↓), RFA e IVP. A rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o entre o saldo de 
                         Radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o Rn e R\↓ foi descrita adequadamente 
                         pela express{\~a}o Rn = 0,852 R\↓ - 22,6 Wm-2. O fluxo de 
                         radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o no ch{\~a}o da floresta representou apenas 
                         3,5%, 1,9% e 2,8% dos respectivos fluxos no topo da floresta, para 
                         R\↓, Rn e P\↓, respectivamente. A 
                         composi{\c{c}}{\~a}o espectral da radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o solar no 
                         ch{\~a}o da floresta {\'e} constitu{\'{\i}}da de 25% de RFA e 
                         75% de IVP. O perfil de extin{\c{c}}{\~a}o de 
                         radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o no interior da vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o pode ser 
                         descrito de maneira an{\'a}loga {\`a} lei de Beer, sendo que a 
                         camada superior da copa, entre 30 e 35 m de altura, {\'e} a parte 
                         que mais absorve radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o solar e emite 
                         radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o de onda longa. Os dias que predomina a 
                         radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o difusa, a floresta pode ser considerada 
                         homog{\^e}nea na distribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o de seus elementos e 
                         apresenta um {\'{\I}}ndice de {\'A}rea Foliar m{\'e}dio de 
                         aproximadamente 5,6 m2/m2. ABSTRACT: In a micrometeorological 
                         experiment accomplished during the campaign WETAMC/LBA (from 26/01 
                         to 10/03/1999) measurements of solar and terrestrial radiation 
                         were made on a tropical forest environment, at Biological 
                         Reservation of Jaru- RO (10º 05'S; 61º 56' W). Data of incident 
                         and reflected solar global radiation flux were collected using 
                         pyranometers, incident and reflected photosintetically active 
                         radiation flux using quantum sensors and the radiation budget 
                         using net radiometers, on a micrometeorological tower of 60 
                         meters, in six levels (58, 35, 30, 25, 15 and 2,5 meters). Near 
                         the forest ground was installed a set of radiometers composed of 
                         twelve pyranometers, twelve quantum sensors and eight net 
                         radiometers distributed around the base of the tower. Downward and 
                         upward long wave radiation were collected by two pyrgeometers 
                         (Kipp \& Zonen), just placed on the top of the 
                         micrometeorological tower. Additionally, it was collected 
                         information of leaf area index (LAI), using a Digital photographic 
                         camera, model CID-110, equipped with lens of 8mm. Only 50% of 
                         extraterrestrial radiation were observed at the level of forest 
                         top, which was spectrally composed by 46% of PAR and 54% of near 
                         infrared solar radiation (NIR). Calculated values for albedos of 
                         solar radiation (R\↓), PAR and NIR were 13,7%, 3,6% e 
                         22,0%, respectively. The relationship between net radiation, Rn, 
                         and solar radiation, R\↓, was adequatelly described by the 
                         expression Rn = 0.825 R\↓ - 22,6 Wm-2. Radiation flux near 
                         the forest floor were only 3,5%, 1,9% e 2,8% of the forest top 
                         radiation flux, respectively, for R\↓, Rn e P\↓. The 
                         spectral composition of the solar radiation reaching the ground 
                         was 25% of PAR and 75% of NIR. The extintion profile of radiation 
                         inside the canopy could be described by an expression similar to 
                         the Beers law. The upper layer of the canopy, between 30 and 35 m, 
                         is the more effective in absorbing solar radiation and emmitting 
                         long wave radiation. In dominant diffuse radiation conditions the 
                         forest can be considered homogeneous for the distribution of its 
                         vegetation elements, with a mean Leaf Area Index (LAI) of 
                         approximately 5,6 m2/m2.",
            committee = "S{\'a}, Leonardo Deane de Abreu (presidente) and Manzi, Antonio 
                         Ocimar (orientador) and Alval{\'a}, Regina C{\'e}lia dos Santos 
                         and Fisch, Gilberto Fernando and Andr{\'e}, Rom{\'{\i}}sio 
                         Geraldo Bouhid",
           copyholder = "SID/SCD",
         englishtitle = "Solar and terrestrial radiation above and inside a tropical rain 
                         forest",
             language = "pt",
                pages = "147",
                  ibi = "6qtX3pFwXQZGivnK2Y/RadHE",
                  url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/6qtX3pFwXQZGivnK2Y/RadHE",
        urlaccessdate = "05 jul. 2025"
}


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